(CNN Spanish) – It has become very common for the image of a family, or remnant of it, to cross a border that is sometimes covered in snow and protected by well-dressed soldiers, at other times being crushed by heat and humidity and threatened by human traffickers. So far in the 21st century.
From Congo to Syria, and from Afghanistan to Venezuela, the growing number of displaced people and refugees in the world has not stopped. In 2016, the total number of displaced persons Reached 65 million people The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has already warned of a crisis Worse than it was at the end of World War II.
By November 2021, according to the same source, That number has risen to 84 million. And epidemic Govit-19 And this War in Ukraine They speed up the process.
That figure This includes There are 48 million people displaced within a country, 26.6 million refugees and 4.4 million asylum seekers.
In this new version World Refugee Day, This is their view of the world and the countries that receive the most refugees.
Where do most refugees come from?
68% of the world’s refugees are refugees Just five countries According to UNHCR data. They are Syria (6.8 million), Venezuela (4.1 million), Afghanistan (2.6 million), South Sudan (2.2 million) and Myanmar (1.1 million).
Syria already exists 11 years in the Civil War Y Afghanistan emerged from 20 years of war Between the United States and the Taliban. South Sudan lived in a civil war from 2013 to 2020 after independence.
Venezuela has been experiencing its population evacuation for years, trying to escape Social, political and economic crisis in the country, When Myanmar Affected by violence Against the Rohingya minority Y The latest plot.
Behind, Groups are also important Democratic Republic of the Congo (0.84 million), Somalia (0.81 million), Sudan (0.78 million), Central African Republic (0.64 million) and refugees Eritrea (0.52 million)
These countries have been plagued by civil wars or political violence in recent years, including extreme poverty.
Where do refugees go?
Turkey is the country with the highest number of refugees Received (3.7 million)Mostly from Syria, it shares borders.
Colombia (1.7 million), Uganda (1.5 million), Pakistan (1.4 million) and Germany (1.2 million) are behind.
39% in these five countries Total number of refugees According to UNHCR.
Such as Turkey, Colombia, Uganda and Pakistan Refugees have receivedMainly from its neighbors Venezuela, Congo and Afghanistan (respectively). Germany, on the other hand, welcomed people of different looks, especially after the temporary opening Doors for Refugees in 2015.
Other important countries at that time Host refugees They are Sudan (1 million), Lebanon (900,000), Bangladesh (900,000), Peru (500,000) and the United States (300,000).
Overall, The 85% Refugees of the world were provided by developing countries, and 73% By a neighbor. Also, estimated to be there Nearly a million Children born in other countries and refugee families.
What are refugees?
Refugees, displaced persons, asylum seekers and even immigrants are talked about as being in a similar situation. But it is not like that.
Conference on the Status of Refugees (adopted and expanded by the United Nations in 1951) Purpose in 1967), I know Consider a refugee “Because of a well-established fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political affiliation, he or she is an outsider and fears that he or she will not be able to obtain the protection of such a country; or, as a result of such events, his or hers. Outside of the old customary country, one has no nationality and no existence, or, fear, no desire to return to it. “
War criminals and those who have committed serious common crimes Out of reach Of the conference.
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