Five former presidents of Peru have been in trouble with the law on charges ranging from corruption to enforced disappearances.

(CNN Spanish) — Former President Pedro Castillo was accused of rebellion and conspiracy After announcing the dissolution of the Congress on Wednesday, it voted a vacancy resolution against him. Castillo is far from the only former president of Peru to run into trouble with the law. Here, a review of five cases.

Pedro Castillo (2021 – 2022): Accused of rebellion and conspiracy, amid multiple trials

Congress voted on Wednesday Motion to Vacate against Castillo, after the former president announced the dissolution of the Legislative Council and his intention to rule by decree. Castillo was arrested a short time later.

A court in Peru evaluated the request of the prosecutor’s office this Thursday They have been detained for the first time For seven days, he argued that there is a risk of flight from the country. Castillo’s defense, for its part, denied the accusations of sedition and conspiracy against the president and rejected the prosecutor’s office’s accusations.

Castillo has faced investigations into whether he used his position to gain favors or preferential treatment by exerting influence to benefit himself, his family and his close associates.

Castillo has repeatedly denied all allegations and reiterated his willingness to cooperate with any investigation. He argues that the charges are the result of a witch-hunt against him and his family by groups that disapproved of his election victory.

The former president faces five preliminary criminal investigations on charges of masterminding corruption schemes while in office. Prosecutors accused him of leading a “criminal network” that interfered with public institutions such as the Ministry of Transport and Communications, the Ministry of Housing and Peru’s state oil company. .

Prosecutors are also investigating whether the former president led efforts to influence the promotion of officers in both the armed forces and the national police.

Pedro Pablo Kuczynski (2016-2018): Investigation

Former President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski He is under house arrest From April 2019, Judiciary 36 months pre-trial detention is allowed against him in the framework of an investigation into alleged money laundering in the Odebrecht case. PPK, as it is known in Peru, has denied the allegations against it.

Trial against Kuczynski Prior to December 2017, when it emerged that he was a partner in First Capital Partners (FCB), a financial consultancy that advised a consortium led by Brazilian firm Odebrecht. At the time, the president denied such a relationship.

At the time, Kuczynski admitted that he advised H2Olmos SA, the Odebrecht company that won the bid for an irrigation project called Olmos.

The scandal cost Kuczynski the presidency Resigned in March 2018. After his resignation, the Judiciary Banned from leaving Peru For 18 months.

Ollanda Humala (2011-2016): First test for Lava Jato in Peru

In February this year The oral hearing against former President Ollanda Humala and his wife Nadine Heredia began in LimaFirst case of Lava Jato case in Peru.

The prosecutor’s office says the nationalist party that Ollanda Humala ran for president in 2006 and 2011 received illegal money from the government of late Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez and contributions from Brazilian construction company Odebretch.

In both cases the money would have been used for both campaigns. According to the lawsuit, part of this money received was justified through wrong contributors.

Throughout the tax hearing, both Humala and Heredia pleaded not guilty to the charges against them.

Humala and Heredia are charged with aggravated money laundering, for which they are seeking 20 years in prison for the former president and 26 years for the former first lady.

Humala and Heredia were jailed for 18 months until July 2017, at the request of the prosecutor’s office, while the case was under investigation. At the time, Judge Richard Concepción Carhuancho considered that there were enough elements to change the status of the two and send them to prison. Humala is the first former Peruvian president to be jailed in the Ottbrecht case.

Alejandro Toledo (2001 – 2006): With extradition request

A US judge approved the extradition of ex-president Alejandro Toledo to Peru in 2021 on corruption charges. The former president’s lawyer then announced that he would appeal to overturn the verdict.

According to Peruvian authorities, Toledo, who ruled the country between 2001 and 2006, allegedly received up to US$30 million in bribes from the construction company Odebrecht to favor the Brazilian company while doing business in Peru.

In his ruling, the judge upholding the extradition established “probable cause” that the former president “acquiesced” because of testimony from two witnesses that he received bribes of approximately $500,000 “in conjunction with Toledo’s consent to the extradition.” and money laundering.”

There is also another investigation, called Ecoteva, for alleged money laundering. According to the lawyer’s theory, the two cases are one case.

The former president was arrested in July 2019 following an extradition warrant sent to the United States in May 2018. Toledo is under house arrest in California.

At the time, Toledo denied the allegations, calling them political persecution. He moved to America in 2017.

Alberto Fujimori (1990 – 2000): Convicted and imprisoned for murder

Former President Alberto Fujimori is serving a 25-year prison sentence for murder, grievous bodily harm and aggravated kidnapping during his government. In addition, in 2015 he received another 8 years in prison for fraud.

Fujimori made headlines again on Christmas Eve 2017 when then-President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski granted him a humanitarian pardon. But after his humanitarian pardon was revoked in October 2018, the convicted ex-president returned to prison in 2019.

His possible release He had another episode this yearLawyer Gregorio Fargo Alarcon presented when Peru’s Constitutional Court issued a writ of habeas corpus in favor of the former president, after which the former president must leave prison.

however, The US Court of Human Rights later sued the Peruvian government Refrain from enforcing the Constitutional Court’s ruling.

Editor’s note: This article was originally published in April 2019 and was updated in December 2022.